This article discusses the melting of titanium by conventional vacuum arc consumable electrode methods and also by more advanced methods such as non consumable electron beam plasma arc electroslag and induction slag methods The procedures used to produce high quality ingots are presented and suggestions are offered on how melting defects
Joining and welding is an essential component of manufacturing technology New developments in joining and welding are evolved in order to acquire extraordinary benefits such as unique joint properties synergistic mix of materials cost reduction of component increase productivity and quality complex geometrical configurations suitability and selection
1 Introduction Cobalt Chromium Co Cr alloys provide one the best balance between mechanical strength durability and wear associated with good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility [] Traditional processing routes of Co Cr alloys include investment casting hot forging and subtractive processes computer aided design CAD /computer aided
This article discusses numerical solution of a reinforced concrete beam The modelling was conducted with the rules of the finite element method Fem in order to verify the correctness of the
For a typical electron beam welding machine the diameter of the beam spot is about mm The electron beam welding allows less distortion as the heat applied to the area around the weld is low Advantages of Electron Beam Welding The advantages of the electron beam welding are given as follows −
AM processes are most widely used in the automobile industry [8] aerospace [9] defence industry [10] bio medical industry [11] and other Additive Manufacturing MAM is a process of additive layer deposition of metals which forms the multi layered fabricated part [12 13] with induced anisotropy and enhanced mechanical properties
Fig Trouser pressing machine Double legger pressing machine Double legger pressing machine is used for pressing trousers and in this machine both the legs are pressed simultaneously with the top hanging down between two separate bucks These machines consist of vertically acting heads carousels and microprocessor controls
There are four basic joining processes; mechanical joining such as rivets brazing and soldering adhesive bonding and welding Traditionally welding is defined as one of the manufacturing processes for joining materials mainly metals and thermoplastics by applying heat or pressure or both on the edges of the parts to melt together then allowing them to
Post build hot isostatic pressing HIP is a widely used method to close as built defects gas or lack of fusion porosity in additively manufactured AM metal parts Pore closure during this process often creates clusters of equiaxed grains in contrast to coarse and directional as built microstructures widely seen in AM metals
Elemental powder preparation Pure precursor Ti Al Nb and Cr elemental powders were mixed and blended with subsequent cold pressing and arc melting in the vacuum of 1 10 5 Torr using a small electric arc button furnace in order to synthesize Ti 48Al Ti 48Al 2Nb and Table 1 As vacuum final chemical composition at % [9]
means of Cathodic Arc Deposition Arc PVD and High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Spraying HVOF to seal open pores For this purpose different encapsulation materials were investigated with a focus on
Wire arc additive manufacturing WAAM which works by combining an arc wire source a wire feed system and a robotic motion system has been of particular interest due to its high deposition rate large build volume and low material and operation cost Hot isostatic pressing HIP is a heat treatment method that has been historically used
However the substantial size of melt pool in wire arc DED coupled with the specific material properties hydrogen solubility of aluminum alloys boosting the formation of porosity defects in wire arc DED fabricated aluminum alloy components [6] [8] Consequently the application of this technology is severely constrained
Spherical titanium alloy powder is an important raw material for near net shape fabrication via a powder metallurgy PM manufacturing route as well as feedstock for powder injection molding and additive manufacturing AM Nevertheless the cost of Ti powder including spherical Ti alloy has been a major hurdle that prevented PM Ti from being adopted for a wide
tunnel defects are produced under conditions where too low a beam line energy is applied Hot isostatic pressing HIPing is a well established method for healing internal porosity in titanium castings and has been widely used to significantly increase fatigue life in critical components [11]
Curved beams represent an important class of machine members which find their application in components such as crane hook c clamp frames of presses stress analysis of the critical section of the curved beam is a crucial step in its design Together the analytical method and lab experiment illustrates many essential elements
Additive manufacturing AM is the production process which can be identified as a 3D printer or rapid prototyping where the parts are created layer by layer deposition which is digitally controlled [1] AM method is a technology that promises to reduce the cost of parts by reducing material waste and time to market
Does anyone have a resource to explain the physics of plasma cutters I m having a bit of trouble getting the arc to spark with my table and want to understand it better How do air pressure current material thickness nozzle diameter tip offset and any machine logic affect cutting and whether the arc sparks I d like to understand the blowback part with respect
Ng et al conducted wire arc DED to deposit a novel metastable β Ti alloy Ti 22V 4Al and improved its microstructure with the help of hot isostatic pressing technology to achieve high quality production of low quality raw materials The method promoted material recycling and greatly reduced manufacturing costs [12] Zhou et al successfully
With the continuous improvement of global technological levels and the increasing demand for high performance alloy materials in national economic construction the traditional single principal component alloy is increasingly unable to meet people s increasing service needs High entropy alloys play an important role in aerospace mechanical
Unlike machine tool processes like cutting grinding and lapping IBM has an essential reference surface; instead a patterned mask serves as the reference IBM could be utilized for micromachining along with a high precision position control machine tool and a micro ion beam with a diameter of 1 2 μm
The CNTs have been produced by using plasma arc jets in large quantities by optimizing the quenching process in an arc between the graphite anode and cooled copper electrode Hatta et al [57] Colbert et al [58] and Ishigami et al [59] reported for continuous synthesis of CNTs using a simplified arc discharge This method requires only a DC
