Assume the microstructure of the cross section Ω ε to be locally periodic with a period defined by a statistically homogeneous volume element denoted by the representative volume element or unit cell Y as shown in Fig other words the composite material is formed by a spatial repetition of the unit cell The shaft has two length scales; a global length scale D
A review paper seeks to examine the numerous forms of shaft failure shaft reliability and traditional material substitution for certain advanced lightweight alloys and composite materials
3 The development of generic repair types in composite structures describes repairs for generalized defect/damage types such as intralaminar matrix cracks delaminations and broken fibers The repair design and installation requirements are crucial for ensuring the longevity and performance of the repaired composite structure
The propeller shaft which is the subject of this study is a component of a five seater passenger car 12 This propeller shaft is made of steel and consists of a front tube a rear tube a center bearing assembly etc The front and rear shafts of the propeller shaft are made of tubes which are hollow shafts for weight reduction
Composite shaft design some parameters such as critical speed static torque and adhesive joints are studied; the behavior of materials is considered nonlinear isotropic for adhesive linear isotropic for metal and orthotropic for composite shaft [6] Schola et al have designed High Strength Carbon composite drive shafts have been to replace
Fig 2 shows the 3 D braided composite drive shaft specimens after curing which are 25° 35°and 45°from left to right respectively Due to the different braiding lengths of preform during braiding process in order to ensure the uniform effective length of the middle is 100 mm during the end thickening process the thickness lengths at both ends of the
Influence of the filament winding tension on physical and mechanical properties of reinforced composites Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing 33 12 1615 1622 Cohen D 1997 Influence of filament winding parameters on composite vessel quality and strength Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing 28 12 1035
Substituting composite structures for conventional metallic structures has many advantages because of higher specific stiffness and strength of composite material [1 2] Bijagareet al [3] has applied genetic algorithm to minimize the weight of a composite shaft subjected to constraints imposed on torque transmission
In one of the earliest studies carried out by Zinberg and Symmonds [] a boron/epoxy helicopter tail rotor drive shaft was optimized for minimum weight with critical speed torsional buckling and strength as design criteria which resulted in weight savings of 28 % In early work the focus was on rigid rotors operation in sub critical region therefore shaft
Substitution of composite material over the conventional steel material for drive shaft has increasing the advantages of design due to its high × r and t are the mean radius and thicknesses x y of composite shaft Lateral Vibrations Natural frequency of composite shaft is based on Timoshenko s beam theory fnt= Ks 1 Ks 2 30 Π
Composite materials can be tailored to efficiently meet the design requirements of strength stiffness and composite drive shafts weight less than steel or aluminum of similar strength It is possible to manufacture one piece of composite Drive shaft to eliminate all of the assembly connecting two piece steel drive shaft
The specifications of the composite drive shaft of an automotive transmission are same as that of the steel drive shaft for optimal design Assumptions 1 The shaft rotates at a constant speed about its longitudinal axis 2 The shaft has a uniform circular cross section 3 The shaft is perfectly balanced at every cross
The composite drive shaft [3] has advantages like considerable weight In the finite element method a structure is broken down into many small simple blocks or elements The behavior of
Optimal parameters for shaft design and curing cycle effects of resin on torque capacity of hybrid composites shafts have been investigated by various research groups [19 21] Sevkat et al investigate the effect of lay up sequence on the performance of hybrid composite shaft in torsion state which were manufactured by filament winding
Optimum fibre angle orientation will play important role in composite shaft which depends on requirement of composite shaft 4 The design procedure is studied and along with finite element analysis some important parameter are obtained The composite drive shaft made up of HM carbon / epoxy multilayered composites has been designed
disadvantage of the hardwood shafts is that their low strength lead to damaged and broken shafts once a shaft is broken it was extremely difficult to find a shaft to duplicate the feel from the previous shaft The late 19th century the development of shaft technology prompting the use of metallic alloys as shaft materials although this
Distal nylon coil provides rotational assistance for impressive trackability The Turnpike ® Spiral Catheter has the same construction as the standard Turnpike ® Catheter with the addition of an outer coil attached to the distal 3 cm of the catheter shaft This outer coil is designed to provide additional rotational advancement in resistant lesions when rotated in a
Automotive Composite drive shafts offer the potential of lighter and longer life drive train with higher critical speed This paper presents review on finite element analysis investigation of
Computational and experimental study of the strength of a composite drive shaft 79 Fig 5 FEM of the drive shaft tips with needles The calculation shows high contact stresses at the bottom of the
Carbon carbon composites are essential in industries that demand materials capable of enduring extreme conditions With their outstanding mechanical properties at elevated temperatures they have become a cornerstone in high performance composites including carbon fiber carbon plate options provide low density making them ideal for
