Phosphogypsum utilization and production in China from
At present the utilization rate of phosphogypsum in China is still relatively low 2010 2020 China s phosphogypsum annual production and utilization rate as shown in Figure 2 2010 2020 China s
At present the utilization rate of phosphogypsum in China is still relatively low 2010 2020 China s phosphogypsum annual production and utilization rate as shown in Figure 2 2010 2020 China s
note that the content of radioactive elements in phosphogypsum is related to the raw material used in industrial processes China also has significant production of phosphogypsum and the five largest provinces in terms of production are Hubei Yunnan Guizhou Sichuan and Anhui [5];
Phosphogypsum PG a byproduct during the phosphoric acid production process also known as the wet process contains complex and diverse impurities resulting in low utilization and considerable accumulation This leads to a massive waste of land resources and a series of environmental pollution problems Given the current urgent ecological and
Phosphogypsum PG is a bulk industrial solid waste of wet process phosphoric acid production Every ton of phosphoric acid production generates as many as 4 6 tons of PG including more than 90% of CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O a small amount of phosphorus fluorine organic matter oxides heavy metals radioactive substances and other impurities that have serious
The average annual production of PG in Turkey is about three million tons The lack of utilization possibility of PG in the country causes economic loss and environmental pollution Considering the difficulties of obtaining natural stabilization materials PG can be used as an alternative stabilization material Waste phosphogypsum and
Phosphogypsum PG is a waste or by product of the production of phosphoric acid a basic constituent in the manufacturing of modern fertilizers The annual production of phosphogypsum in Tunisia is currently estimated to be 10 million tons Its storage in slag in close proximity to production plants generates pollution problems; however valorization may be a
Nowadays phosphogypsum is a cost effective agromineral depending on the distance of the source and the farming areas where it shall be applied Brazilian annual production amounts to million tons in São Paulo and Minas Gerais State The current phosphogypsum stock is of approximately 150 106 Mg [10]
rated as large plants In 2015 the production of PG in China reached 110 Mt [7] China is a huge agricultural country with a large demand for phosphate fertilizers It has been predicted that the annual demand for phosphate fertilizers calculated according to P 2 O 5 will reach a peak value of Mt during the period of 2010 2020
Phosphogypsum is a type of solid waste generated during the production of phosphate fertilizer Annual phosphogypsum generation is estimated to be 200 300 million tons globally [14] [15][16][17
with sulfuric acid results in the production of phosphoric acid and PG according to the following reaction [26 27] Ca10 PO2 6F2 10H2SO4 20H2O 6H3PO4 2HF 10 1 Annual worldwide production of PG is about 300 Mt [28] PG is recycled and reused in several sectors and applications [29] such as cement manufacturing concrete
largest phosphogypsum resource by product country with annual production in phos phogypsum of about 75 million tons but the comprehensive utilization rate is about 45%
Phosphogypsum PG is a powdery byproduct from wet phosphoric acid fertilizer production that can show low levels of radioactivity but also low concentrations of valuable rare earths The Philippines produces some million t of PG per year Haneklaus et al 2015 during wet phosphoric acid fertilizer production
China as a large agricultural country consumes large quantities of phosphate fertilizers every year In 2005 the phosphate fertilizer production of China ranked the first in the world; in 2012 it reached million tons P 2 O 5 and occupied about 40% of worldwide production The production of phosphate fertilizer cannot be accomplished without phosphoric
The use of phosphogypsum in buildings requires the radiological characterization as well as an assessment of radiological risk for humans In this paper the level of radioactivity of phosphogypsum produced in Serbia was measured by gamma spectrometry and average activity concentration of 226 Ra 232 Th and 40 K for the 8 phosphogypsum samples was obtained to
Phosphogypsum PG is a by product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process Annual global PG production ranges between 100 to 300 Mt
Brazilian annual production of phosphogypsum reaches million tons Brazil like other countries that produce phosphate fertilizer tries to find solutions for the safe applications of
As phosphogypsum constitutes a large amount of solid waste material its purification treatment and comprehensive utilization have close connection with economic development and ecological environmental protection For the moment the storage quantity of phosphogypsum is still rising as a result of the increasing phosphate fertilizer production to
Five clusters were formed a red cluster phosphogypsum recycling in the construction industry; green cluster radiation pollution problem of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizers; yellow cluster
One ton of phosphoric acid manufacture approximately pro duces 5 t of PG The global annual production of PG is predicted to be 100e280 106 t El Zrelli et al 2018 and the main production areas of phosphoric acid are distributed in the USA Russia China Africa and the Middle East Tayibi et al 2009
The world s annual production of phosphogypsum PG is up to 200 million tons at present It was found that 15 % of PG produced worldwide is recycled Therefore it is imperative to seek a new pathway to recycle PG This work provides an overview of the state of the art scheme for high value utilization of PG
