A review of physical processes used in the safe recycling of
Lithium ion battery recycling is still in its infancy but will become essential Heelan et al [1] reported that in 2016 approximately 95% of Li ion batteries ended up in landfill sites rather than being recycled and in 2019 still only 5% of LIB s are recycled in the European Union [2] Recycling can provide a variety of benefits such as; decreased pollution avoidance of toxic