results lay the groundwork for an autothermal pathway to manufacture ferronickel from lateritic ore without direct greenhouse gas emissions Keywords Ferronickel ·Nickel ·Laterite ·Sulfidation ·Decarbonization · Vacuum Introduction Nickel is crucial for a wide range of applications spanning from super alloys to lithium ion battery cathodes
Ore grade has a direct effect on mine investment costs expressed in US$ per annual tonne of nickel Consider two identical ore bodies one containing % Ni ore and the other containing % Ni ore Achievement of an identical annual production of nickel in ferronickel requires that the % Ni ore be mined at twice the rate of the % Ni ore
Two thirds of the global nickel output is produced by the rotary kiln electric furnace RKEF process Due to the high contents of MgO and SiO 2 and low content of iron in laterite ore high temperature 1600 ℃ and huge energy consumption approximately 4000 kW⋅h/t ferronickel are required during the smelting step This chapter proposes an energy
The growth of the global population has led to a substantial increase in municipal solid waste MSW generation Various methods have been suggested and implemented to address this issue including waste processing by dry fermentation using aerobic bio drying resulting in treated municipal solid waste TMSW that can serve as an energy
Processing options for various types of nickel ore and their products Adapted from Crundwell et al 2011 High pressure acid leaching HPAL process flowsheet operating at Moa Bay Adapted from
Keywords Residue nickel · Reduction process · Magnetic separation process · Ferronickel Introduction Nickel laterite has complex chemical compounds resulting in diculties in improving its critical metals such as iron nickel and cobalt through a physical beneciation process [1 2] Thus nickel laterite processing is more costly than
Nickel a widely used metal with advantageous properties is a key industrial component For instance the production of stainless steel in the form of ferronickel consumes nearly 65 % of the world s nickel metal [1] As the world s leading producer Indonesia contributed 1 000 000 tons of nickel in 2021 [2] The global nickel resources are clasified into laterite and
Nickel ore coal sodium sulfate and calcium oxide were mixed then pelletised into 10 15 mm diameters The pellets were reduced with a non isothermal condition using a muffle furnace at 950
laterite ore for Ferronickel production via the rotary Kiln Electric furnace process Daniel A Quintero Coronel a b Wilson D Guillin Estrada a Jorge L Echeverri Roman a
India s nickel requirement is roughly 45 000 t which can only be satisfied through imports Even though a few Indian states have nickel deposits no meaningful nickel production has occurred since FY05 Nickel is found in India as oxides sulfides and silicates Odisha which contains 93% of India s nickel deposits finds it as an oxide
Ferro nickel an alloy of nickel and iron used as a raw material for stainless steel etc is a nickel oxide ore such as laterite or garnierite ore that is put into a rotary kiln and dried and then an electric furnace together with a reducing agent such as coke In many cases it is produced by a dry smelting method in which it is put into a melting furnace such as the above and reduced
A low grade nickel laterite ore from Indonesia was selected to investigate the effect of temperature and time of reduction upon the extraction of nickel through the selective reduction magnetic
the balance comprised of oxide ores In nickel production about 60% of the metal nickel was produced from sulfide ores and laterite nickel ore only accounts for 40% 35 The mineralogy of laterite nickel ore is complex and the grade of nickel and iron is low so the treatment cost of conventional methods is high
The low grade nickel laterite ore used in this study was successfully upgraded through selective reduction by industrialized rotary kilns followed by magnetic separation The results indicated that both iron metallization extent and nickel metallization extent showed obvious linear correlation In addition rational roasting temperature and prolonged grinding time could
The standard Gibbs free energies ΔG Θ of carbon oxide and nickel oxide are shown in Fig shown in this graph the lowest temperature at the atmospheric pressure at which the NiO reduction by fixed carbon will occur is 440 ° addition the curve of the standard Gibbs free energy of forming NiO is higher than that of CO 2 and the standard Gibbs free
for the Production of Nickel from Ferronickel L MOUSSOULOS In almost all currently employed pyrometallurgical treatments of nickel bearing oxide ores nickel is extracted as ferronickel containing some cobalt originating mainly from sulfide ore covers the remaining 60 pct of the nickel market The development of a new process for the
Rotary kiln electric furnace RKEF is a well proven technology for smelting nickel laterite into ferronickel [6] The process consisted of ore drying in a rotary dryer as expressed in reaction
nickeliferous materials for ferronickel production have to be imported The low Ni grade 1 2 wt% high water content 35 45 wt% and high transportation cost of This chapter presents a new method for preparing ferronickel from laterite ore based on reactions of nickel oxide and ferric oxide as shown in Fig NiO and Fe 2 O 3
Discover the impact of process factors on iron and nickel oxide reduction metal yield and nickel content in ferronickel from low nickel laterite ore Find out how C/O ratio and temperature affect separation from slag and increase nickel content Nickel was an important material for the production of austenitic stainless steel heat
The mechanism of sodium chloride in promoting reduction of high magnesium low nickel oxide ore in the absence of moisture is investigated After drying at 650 °C the moisture within HL oxide ore is completely removed and the specific surface area decreases from to m 2 /g The recoveries of nickel and iron in ferronickel
Nickel in laterite nickel ore is mainly present in serpentine Lizardite is also a type of serpentine and iron is primarily present in iron oxide The formation of ferronickel particles effectively occurs under two subprocesses First nickel oxide is separated from serpentine by thermal decomposition at 700 °C
