2340 HARDNESS Standard Methods for the Examination of
2340 A Introduction 1 Terminology Originally water hardness was understood to be a measure of the capacity of water to precipitate soap Soap is precipitated chiefly by the calcium and magnesium ions present Other polyvalent cations also may precipitate soap but they often are in complex forms frequently with organic constituents and their role in water hardness may be
Carbonate Hardness Test in freshwater and seawater
Carbonate hardness is a measure of the buffering capacity of water which can also be expressed as acid binding capacity or total alkalinity This MQuant ® Carbonate Hardness test formally MColortest ® is suitable for the titrimetric determination using a convenient dropping bottle Method Hydrogen carbonate and carbonate ions are titrated with hydrochloric acid against a